Application development of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) in synthetic fiber

With the development of modern science and technology, single-performance materials can no longer meet people's needs. The development of nanotechnology and the development and marketization of a series of functional nanomaterials have brought opportunities for the development of multifunctional health textiles. Using various special properties of nanomaterials to fundamentally change the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of chemical fibers, a series of excellent composite fibers suitable for different purposes such as: anti-ultraviolet fibers ; antibacterial, bacteriostatic and deodorizing fibers have been obtained . ; far infrared fiber; conductive fibers; fiber radiation. However, in general, the key technical problems of the nano-scale dispersion of inorganic functional dispersed phase in the fiber-forming polymer matrix and the common problems of nanotechnology and industry have not been fully solved. At present, some industrialized functional fibers, the dispersion of functional particles in fibers, the original properties of nanomaterials are not fully exerted, and the degree of controllability is still low, resulting in insufficient continuity and stability of production.

Therefore, although the rapid development of nanotechnology has become one of the important means to prepare special functional fibers, it has injected new vitality into the development of special functional textiles. However, the nanoscale dispersion of functional materials in polymer matrix is ​​still the development of nanofunctional textiles. Key technologies and bottlenecks. Therefore, although the nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) has many excellent properties, in many ways more widely used, but because of its polar inorganic nano material itself and finer particles and thus has a great specific surface area and higher Specific surface energy makes them difficult to disperse in non-polar media. It is easy to agglomerate in polar media, which directly affects its performance. As a result, the properties of the nanoparticles are lost in the final use. And because they are inorganic substances, the affinity with organic substances is poor, which leads to the practical application of nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) in high polymer fibers, and thus in the development of nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ). This critical bottleneck must be addressed.

Our company cooperates with relevant universities to make antibacterial and anti-UV functions by blending with self-produced nano zinc oxide after surface modification with high polymer matrix polypropylene ( pp ), polyester ( PET ) and nylon 6 ( PA ). High-tech composite fiber. Throughout the research process, we studied the antibacterial mechanism of nano zinc oxide powder by exploring the internal structure and properties of nano zinc oxide powder. When the nano zinc oxide powder is in contact with bacteria, zinc ions are slowly released, and the bacterial cell membrane and Membrane protein binds, destroys its structure, breaks down the enzyme of the electron transport system after entering the cell and reacts with DNA to achieve antibacterial effect) and its anti-ultraviolet effect (generally, the transmittance of ultraviolet light is below 10 % (or the shielding rate is 90) More than %) can be called UV-resistant fabrics.), and continuously adjust and control the process parameters of the polymer matrix blending and granulation spinning, and finally obtain the antibacterial and anti-UV functions of each nano- ZnO ( ZnO ). fiber. The antibacterial property test of each functional fiber was carried out by using the antibacterial property test method. The results showed that the antibacterial rate of the three blended high polymer functional fibers containing nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) powder can reach 99.9 % by using double beam. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer (integral sphere) was tested and the results showed that the average transmittance of the three blended high-polymer fibers containing nano- ZnO ( ZnO ) powder was less than 7 %.

Therefore, to a certain extent, we have researched and developed the independent intellectual property rights of nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) with high-tech fibers with antibacterial and anti-UV functions.

At present, in the international development of antibacterial fiber, silver- containing zeolite is basically used as an antibacterial agent, and there are few reports on the use of the currently researched hot-spot nano-semiconductor photocatalytic antibacterial agent nano-zinc oxide as an antibacterial powder additive. However, due to the peculiar “surface effect” of nano-zinc oxide ( ZnO ), it can decompose freely moving negatively charged electrons while leaving sunlight with positive charges. This kind of cavity can activate oxygen in the air to become active oxygen, and has strong chemical activity to react with various organic compounds (including organic matter in bacteria), thereby killing most bacteria and viruses. The advantages of photocatalytic effect and relatively low price make it very practical to use it as a new antibacterial powder additive.

Not only that, due to the destruction of the Earth's ozone layer, the radiation of the Earth's biosphere is increasing, and people, especially young people, are gradually prolonging their outdoor activities. The harm caused by radiation to human health is increasing. Although in recent years the international community began to restrict the use of chemicals that cause ozone thinning, but on the extent of the destruction of the ozone layer in terms of the current, (280 ~ 320nm), UVA (320 ~ 400nm) zone of shortwave most harmful UVB region Ultraviolet light can still reach the ground. Because these short-wavelength ultraviolet light will generate free radicals, cause damage to cells and tissues, accelerate the aging process, resulting in skin tanning and skin diseases caused by ultraviolet light absorption, and even skin cancer, which causes great human health. hurt. Therefore, in order to reduce the harm of ultraviolet rays of various wavelengths to humans, it is also far-reaching to develop a fiber that is resistant to ultraviolet rays to meet the ever-increasing needs of life.

To make UV-resistant fibers with UV-resistant additives, first choose the appropriate UV-resistant additives (also known as UV absorbers, UV stabilizers). This is a class can choose an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of 290 ~ 400nm, effectively preventing and inhibiting light, oxidation and changes in their structure can not afford auxiliaries. Such UV absorption aids should also have the characteristics of non-toxicity, low volatility, good thermal stability, chemical stability, hydrolysis resistance, water extraction resistance, compatibility with fiber-forming polymers, etc. Nano- ZnO ( ZnO ) has a low UV transmittance and can be considered for the preparation of UV-resistant fibers.

According to some characteristics of zinc oxide, we have found that nano zinc oxide is an excellent antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet inorganic powder. It has the characteristics of wide application, high efficiency and long effective period. It can be used for preparation of both antibacterial and anti-UV. High-tech fiber of a variety of functions. It is different from the commonly used organic antibacterial agents (prone to microbial resistance (anti-) medicinal properties, and has the disadvantages of easy migration, heat resistance, etc., and is easily decomposed and decomposed at the processing temperature of plastics, and the decomposition products may cause secondary pollution. ), physical absorption and ion exchange process, object of the zinc metal contained in the surface of the porous material is attached by antibacterial metal ions, achieve long-term sustained action by bacteriostasis. Because it does not produce resistance and is safe and non-toxic, especially its outstanding heat resistance ( > 600 °C ), making nano zinc oxide have obvious industrial advantages in the application of antibacterial materials. The excellent light absorption properties of its nanoparticles are also different from the previous UV-resistant additives (mostly organic substances, which have certain toxicity, and the UV shielding performance will gradually decrease as the coating time increases, eventually failing). It has the advantages of long effective action time, long UV shielding band, good chemical stability and thermal stability, non-toxicity and non-irritation. Therefore, it is safe to use and has practical application advantages.

In fact, antibacterial and anti-UV fibers using nano-functional inorganic materials as antibacterial agents and anti-ultraviolet additives are gradually becoming a novel new functional fiber after the far-red fiber and negative ion fibers in the market. Therefore, the nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) antibacterial and anti-UV functional fiber developed by us is a protective functional fiber with great development prospects. We anticipate that the practical applications of nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) antibacterial and anti-UV functional fibers are as follows:

A , daily necessities

Nano-zinc oxide ( ZnO ) is used in apparel applications such as sweatshirts, blouses, uniforms, pants, professional wear, swimwear and children's wear, as well as for hats, masks and sun umbrellas. In addition, it is used in industrial and decorative aspects, such as advertising fabrics, outdoor decorative fabrics, and the like.

The antibacterial properties of nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) can be used to produce polyester filament products, which can be widely used in knitted underwear, sportswear, socks, carpets, and the like.

B , professional health (medical and civil)

In medical applications, nano-zinc oxide ( ZnO ) antibacterial polyester staple fiber can be blended with cotton to make hospital bed sheets, surgical gowns, doctor's overalls, and patient suits. In the civilian sector, nano-zinc oxide ( ZnO ) antibacterial polyester staple fiber can be used in food industry special clothing and various bedding, furniture cloth, decorative cloth and so on. UV, nano zinc oxide ( ZnO ) can also be used to prepare a variety of medical and civilian non-woven products, such as: sterile surgical gowns, sterile masks, sanitary coatings, filter materials, and feminine hygiene products, diapers and other products.

C , field outdoor field

With the development of the economy, the tourism industry is constantly developing, and various corresponding field products have also come out one after another. The anti-ultraviolet properties of nano-zinc oxide ( ZnO ) make it suitable for the production of all kinds of umbrellas, curtains, transport tarpaulins and all kinds of tent fabrics.

    After China joined the World Trade Organization, China's textile industry has ushered in tremendous development opportunities and faces severe challenges . Under the new situation, the focus of China's chemical fiber development has shifted from “total development” to “development advanced”. Productivity and structural adjustment are combined, and promoting technological upgrading and accelerating structural adjustment are top priorities. The rapid development of nanotechnology has injected new vitality into the development of special functional textiles, and has become one of the important means to prepare special functional fibers. Nano- ZnO ( ZnO ) is a new type of high-performance fine inorganic product for the 21st century. It can simultaneously exhibit antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet functions in the fiber. It is a kind of competitive price-performance in many nano-powder-free powders. Today, the pursuit of healthy, comfortable and safe textiles, nano-zinc oxide ( ZnO ) / high polymer composite functional fiber is a high-tech product with broad application prospects and considerable economic benefits.

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