Water problems solved at the Ordos Recycling Base
From February 23 to 25, the National Geological Survey Working Conference took place in Beijing. Wang Min, deputy director of the Ministry of Land and Resources, highlighted key achievements in the national geological survey initiated in 1999. One major success was the exploration of groundwater resources in the Ordos region, which has identified numerous large-scale projects supporting the development of the national energy and chemical industry base. These efforts have helped secure a reliable water supply for industrial and domestic use in the short to medium term.
With the rapid expansion of energy and chemical projects in Ordos—such as Shenhua Group’s coal-to-oil initiative—the question of whether sufficient water resources can support these developments has become a growing concern. Producing one ton of refined oil from coal requires approximately 12 tons of industrial water, while other large-scale projects like fertilizer and polyvinyl chloride plants also demand substantial water supplies. According to Li Xiang, director of the Xi'an Geological Survey Center, the state has been conducting water resource investigations in the area for decades. However, the process has not always been systematic, leading to confusion about available water resources and instances of multiple projects competing for the same source.
Currently, the causes, distribution, and recoverable reserves of water in the Ordos region have been largely mapped out, providing a solid foundation for informed policy-making. The Ordos region spans 280,000 square kilometers, covering parts of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi. It holds 38.8% of China's coal reserves, 50% of natural gas, and 4.4% of petroleum, making it a critical energy hub. Despite this, the area is arid or semi-arid, with limited surface water, posing a significant challenge for sustained development.
According to the national geological survey, the region’s annual groundwater recharge is around 10.5 billion cubic meters, with 5.8 billion being recoverable. Current extraction stands at 1.1 billion cubic meters per year, leaving a potential of 47 million cubic meters for future use. The survey has identified 161 groundwater sources that are expected to meet the water needs of the energy and chemical industries from 2010 to 2020. Li Xiang emphasized that while progress has been made, the region remains water-stressed and requires careful management and strategic allocation of its limited resources.
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