Analysis of Function and Technology of Gear Pump instead of Piston Pump

Gear pumps are traditionally seen as constant-flow hydraulic sources due to their fixed displacement design. However, the integration of a threaded coupling valve significantly enhances their functionality, reduces system costs, and improves reliability. This approach allows gear pumps to perform almost as effectively as More complex and costly piston pumps. For example, mounting the control valve directly on the pump eliminates the need for external piping, lowering both cost and potential leakage points. Fewer fittings also increase operational reliability. By incorporating valves directly into the pump, the system’s pressure cycle is reduced, which enhances performance. Several circuits have been developed to expand the basic functions of gear pumps, some of which are proven solutions, while others represent innovative designs. One such circuit is the unloading circuit, which combines a high-flow pump with a low-power pump. The system discharges fluid from both pumps until a set pressure or flow rate is reached. At this point, the high-flow pump recirculates its output, reducing overall system flow. This minimizes power consumption and can be controlled via manual, mechanical, or even electronic means. Electrically controlled solenoid valves offer remote and automated operation, making them highly efficient. Another method is pressure-sensing unloading, where the valve remains in the high-flow position until the system pressure reaches a preset level. At that point, the relief valve activates, switching the system to low flow. This is commonly used in applications like hydraulic jacks or spliters. Flow-sensing unloading works similarly but uses a fixed orifice to adjust based on engine speed. If the speed exceeds optimal levels, the orifice causes a pressure drop, triggering the unloader valve to reduce flow. This helps maintain energy efficiency and smooth operation. Priority flow control ensures that the required flow is always delivered to the equipment, regardless of pump speed or pressure. This is particularly useful in steering systems, where consistent flow is essential. Bypass flow control limits the maximum flow supplied by the pump, directing excess fluid back to the tank. This helps manage system pressure and reduce wear, often used in refuse trucks or stationary machinery. Dry suction valves allow the pump to operate efficiently under varying loads, reducing no-load power consumption and noise. They are ideal for internal combustion engine-driven hydraulic systems. In conclusion, modern gear pumps, when paired with advanced control schemes, can rival piston pumps in performance while offering significant cost advantages. Choosing the right hydraulic solution depends on factors like system cost, complexity, and application requirements. Gear pumps remain a practical and cost-effective choice for many hydraulic applications today.

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