Conductivity, the physics concept, means that the product of the quantity and the electric field strength in the medium is equal to the conduction current density. For isotropic media, conductivity is scalar; for anisotropic media, conductivity is tensor. In ecology, conductivity is a digital representation of the ability of a solution to conduct current. The unit is expressed in Siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity definition:
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(1) English: conductivity (or specific conductance)
(2) Definition: The reciprocal of the resistivity is the conductivity, which is represented by the Greek letter κ (or γ[1]) and κ=1/Ï. Unless otherwise specified, the conductivity is measured at the standard temperature (25 °C).
(3) Unit: In the International System of Units, the unit of conductivity is called Siemens/meter (S/m), and other units are: MS/m, S/cm, μS/cm. 1 S/m = 1000 mS/m = 1000000 μS/m = 10 mS/cm = 10000 μS/cm.
(4) Description: The physical meaning of conductivity is the performance of the material's conductivity. The higher the conductivity, the stronger the conductivity, and vice versa. In addition, many people confuse conductance with conductivity: conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, and conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity.
Conductivity factors:
1. Temperature conductivity has a large correlation with temperature. The conductivity of the metal decreases with increasing temperature. The conductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature. In a temperature range, the conductivity can be approximated as being proportional to the temperature. In order to compare the conductivity of materials at different temperature conditions, a common reference temperature must be set. The correlation between conductivity and temperature can often be expressed as the slope of the plot of conductivity vs. temperature.
2. Doping levels The degree of doping of solid-state semiconductors will cause large changes in the conductivity. Increasing the degree of doping will result in high electrical conductivity. The conductivity of an aqueous solution depends on the concentration of the solute salt it contains, or other chemical impurities that decompose into electrolytes. The conductivity of a water sample is an important indicator for measuring salt content, ion content, impurity content, etc. of water. The purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). The conductivity of water is often recorded as the conductance coefficient; the conductivity coefficient is the conductivity of water at a temperature of 25°C.
3. Anisotropy Some materials have anisotropic conductivity, which must be expressed in a 3 X 3 matrix (in mathematical terms, second-order tensors, which are usually symmetric).